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Ruan Bekker
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13 minutes read

Deploy a Golang App to Interact with the Kubernetes API

I was curious on how a application running on kubernetes can get access to Kubernetes API's so that the application can get access to retrieve information about pods in a specific namespace.

This will also show us how to grant applications to specific resources using service accounts.

What will we be doing

In this tutorial we will do the following:

  • Install Go 1.20
  • Build a Go API that will check the pods on the Kubernetes cluster
  • Create RBAC to grant our application access to Kubernetes

Install Go

Install dependencies such as git, gcc and wget then install Go:

wget https://go.dev/dl/go1.22.3.linux-amd64.tar.gz
tar -xvf go1.20.3.linux-amd64.tar.gz
mv go /usr/local/go-1.22

Configure Go:

export GO111MODULE=on
export GOROOT=/usr/local/go-1.22
export GOPATH=~/go
export PATH=$GOROOT/bin:$GOPATH/bin:$PATH

You should be able to do:

go env GOROOT
go env GOPATH
go version

Create the Go application

Inside my ~/workspace/application we need to initialize our module:

go mod init healthcheck-api

Then in our main.go file we populate it with the following code:

package main

import (
	"context"
	"encoding/json"
	"fmt"
	"log"
	"net/http"
	"os"

	"k8s.io/client-go/kubernetes"
	"k8s.io/client-go/rest"
	metav1 "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/apis/meta/v1"
)

func main() {
	http.HandleFunc("/healthcheck/pods", listPodsHandler)
	http.HandleFunc("/healthcheck/pods/status", statusCodeHandler)

	port := os.Getenv("PORT")
	if port == "" {
		port = "8080"
	}

	log.Printf("Listening on port %s", port)
	if err := http.ListenAndServe(fmt.Sprintf(":%s", port), nil); err != nil {
		log.Fatalf("could not start server: %v", err)
	}
}

func listPodsHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
	clientset, err := getK8sClient()
	if err != nil {
		http.Error(w, fmt.Sprintf("could not create clientset: %v", err), http.StatusInternalServerError)
		return
	}

	pods, err := clientset.CoreV1().Pods("default").List(context.TODO(), metav1.ListOptions{})
	if err != nil {
		http.Error(w, fmt.Sprintf("could not list pods: %v", err), http.StatusInternalServerError)
		return
	}

	w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
	if err := json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(pods.Items); err != nil {
		http.Error(w, fmt.Sprintf("could not encode response: %v", err), http.StatusInternalServerError)
	}
}

func statusCodeHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
	clientset, err := getK8sClient()
	if err != nil {
		http.Error(w, fmt.Sprintf("could not create clientset: %v", err), http.StatusInternalServerError)
		return
	}

	// Attempt to list the pods to check if the service is working
	_, err = clientset.CoreV1().Pods("default").List(context.TODO(), metav1.ListOptions{})
	if err != nil {
		http.Error(w, fmt.Sprintf("could not list pods: %v", err), http.StatusInternalServerError)
		return
	}

	// Set the response header to indicate JSON content
	w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
	// Set the status code to 200 OK
	w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)

	// Create the response map
	response := map[string]int{"status": http.StatusOK}

	// Encode and write the response to the ResponseWriter
	if err := json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(response); err != nil {
		http.Error(w, fmt.Sprintf("could not encode response: %v", err), http.StatusInternalServerError)
	}
}


func getK8sClient() (*kubernetes.Clientset, error) {
	config, err := rest.InClusterConfig()
	if err != nil {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("could not get in-cluster config: %v", err)
	}

	clientset, err := kubernetes.NewForConfig(config)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("could not create clientset: %v", err)
	}

	return clientset, nil
}

In short, we have defined two functions:

  • listPodsHandler: this retrieves pods information from the default namespace.
  • statusCodeHandler: this is similar to above, but returns the http status code.

We then assign two routes to those functions:

  • /healthcheck/pods -> listPodsHandler
  • /healthcheck/pods/status -> statusCodeHandler

The application runs on port 8080.

Once you have the code saved, we can then run the following to add any missing modules using:

go mod tidy

Docker

Since we will be running this on Kubernetes, we have our Dockerfile:

# Base image
FROM golang:1.22 AS builder

WORKDIR /app
COPY . .
RUN go mod download
RUN CGO_ENABLED=0 GOOS=linux GOARCH=amd64 go build -a -installsuffix cgo -o healthcheck-api .

# Use a minimal base image
FROM gcr.io/distroless/base-debian10
WORKDIR /
COPY --from=builder /app/healthcheck-api /app/healthcheck-api

CMD ["/app/healthcheck-api"]

Test if the docker build works:

docker build -t go-healthcheck -f Dockerfile .

Now you can push it to your registry of choice.

Kubernetes

I will assume that you already have a Kubernetes cluster running, if not, you can check out this post to run a local Kubernetes cluster with kind:

Now we need to create the following RBAC resources on Kubernetes:

  • ServiceAccount
  • ClusterRole
  • ClusterRoleBinding

Create the following directory:

mkdir -p rbac

Then first we will create the rbac/serviceaccount.yaml:

apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  name: pod-reader
  namespace: default

Then we proceed with rbac/clusterrole.yaml:

apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:
  name: pod-reader
rules:
- apiGroups: [""]
  resources: ["pods"]
  verbs: ["get", "list"]

Then lastly our rbac/clusterrolebinding.yaml:

apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  name: pod-reader-binding
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
  name: pod-reader
  namespace: default
roleRef:
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: pod-reader
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io

In short, we are defining a service account, then we define a cluster role with permissions to list and get pods, then we define the cluster role binding.

You can apply that to the cluster to create the resources using:

kubectl apply -f rbac/

Now the only thing let to do is to deploy the application to the Kubernetes cluster. I will provide example manifests, you will just need to provide your dockerhub image, and if you are using a diffent ingress controller other than nginx, you will need to review those.

I am providing:

  • Deployment
  • Service
  • Ingress

First create the directory:

mkdir -p kubernetes

Then our kubernetes/deployment.yaml:

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: healthcheck-api
  namespace: default
spec:
  replicas: 1
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: healthcheck-api
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: healthcheck-api
    spec:
      serviceAccountName: pod-reader
      containers:
      - name: healthcheck-api
        image: "<replace-me>" 
        ports:
        - name: http
          protocol: TCP
          containerPort: 8080
        env:
        - name: PORT
          value: "8080"

Then our kubernetes/service.yaml:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: healthcheck-api
  namespace: default
spec:
  selector:
    app: healthcheck-api
  ports:
    - name: http
      protocol: TCP
      port: 8080
      targetPort: 8080
  type: ClusterIP

Then lastly our ingress kubernetes/ingress.yaml:

apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/instance: healthcheck-api
    app.kubernetes.io/managed-by: kubectl
    app.kubernetes.io/name: healthcheck-api
    app.kubernetes.io/version: 0.0.1
  name: healthcheck-api
  namespace: default
spec:
  ingressClassName: nginx
  rules:
  - host: api.int.mydomain.tech
    http:
      paths:
      - backend:
          service:
            name: healthcheck-api
            port:
              name: http
        path: /
        pathType: ImplementationSpecific

Then we can go ahead and deploy these resources using:

kubectl apply -f kubernetes/

Testing our Application

First we will check our endpoint that returns the status code (/healthcheck/pods/status):

curl -i http://api.int.mydomain.tech/healthcheck/pods/status
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Date: Sun, 21 Jul 2024 10:02:53 GMT
Content-Type: application/json
Content-Length: 15
Connection: keep-alive

{"status":200}

Then we can test the endpoint that returns the content (/healthcheck/pods):

curl -s http://api.int.sektorlab.tech/healthcheck/pods | jq .

And a snippet of the output should look something like this:

[
  {
    "metadata": {
      "name": "basic-api-c56754765-6p2bn",
      "generateName": "basic-api-c56754765-",
      "namespace": "default",
      "uid": "418e766a-0df3-4ebb-b0e8-b8d437367124",
      "resourceVersion": "160293618",
      "creationTimestamp": "2024-05-31T00:27:55Z",
      "labels": {
        "app": "basic-api",
        "pod-template-hash": "c56754765"
      },
      "ownerReferences": [
        {
          "apiVersion": "apps/v1",
          "kind": "ReplicaSet",
          "name": "basic-api-c56754765",
          "uid": "8afc1869-7c95-4540-90ed-825b510106db",
          "controller": true,
          "blockOwnerDeletion": true
        }
      ],

Thank You

Thanks for reading, if you like my content, feel free to check out my website, and subscribe to my newsletter or follow me at @ruanbekker on Twitter.

#DevOps #golang #Kubernetes
Originally posted on: https://ruan.dev/blog/2024/07/21/deploy-a-golang-app-to-interact-with-the-kubernetes-api
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1 Comment

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عبد الهادي أحمد التجاني
2 months ago

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